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Idea · Lesson 2 · 12 min

Is the prize big enough?

A real problem can still be too small to build a company on. Size your market the honest way — bottom-up, from customers and price down to the share you can realistically win — and judge whether the prize is venture-scale.

A real problem can still be too small

You’ve found a problem worth solving. The next honest question is whether the prize is big enough to build a company on. Plenty of genuine, painful problems make fine lifestyle businesses but never venture-scale ones — and knowing which you have changes how you fund and build.

TAM, SAM, SOM — nested, not interchangeable

Three numbers, each inside the last:

  • TAM — everyone with the problem, if you could reach them all.
  • SAM — the slice you can actually serve (your geography, segment, channel).
  • SOM — the share you could realistically win in the next few years.

Build it bottom-up, not top-down

The lazy way is top-down: “the market is ₹10,000 crore — we just need 1%.” That 1% is a fantasy with no mechanism behind it. The honest way is bottom-up: how many customers exist, times what each will pay, times the share you can credibly capture. It produces a smaller, truer number — and a number you can actually defend to yourself and to an investor.

The figure that matters is SOM: your realistic near-term revenue. Then ask whether it has a believable path to grow — more share, adjacent segments, higher price — into something large.

Now size yours

Put in the number of potential customers, what each would pay a year, and the shares you can serve and realistically win. Watch TAM narrow honestly down to SOM. Keep it — it’s saved privately to you, never posted anywhere.

Size your market, bottom-up

TAMEveryone with the problem₹240 Cr/yr
SAMWho you can serve₹72.0 Cr/yr
SOMWho you could realistically win₹5.8 Cr/yr

Your realistic near-term prize — SOM, about ₹5.8 Cr/yr — is the number that matters. The lazy version is “1% of a huge TAM”; the honest version is the one you just built bottom-up. A venture-scale company usually needs a believable path from SOM into the hundreds of crores — does yours, as you grow share and add adjacent customers?